![]() 5), to address poverty in countries with higher income levels. Furthermore, the World Bank introduced two additional poverty lines for the global scale, one at US$3.20 per day and one at US$5.50 per day (ref. 4 Its targets focus on eliminating extreme poverty, as well as halving poverty, defined by national poverty lines, by 2030. To tackle this problem, the first of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), established in 2015, is to ‘end poverty in all its forms everywhere’. ![]() While international extreme poverty headcounts have been declining steadily, the impacts of the global COVID-19 pandemic might reverse this trend by putting millions of people into poverty 3. While global wealth is concentrated among a few individuals 1, hundreds of millions still live in extreme poverty, defined by having less than US$1.90 to spend per day 2. To ensure global progress on poverty alleviation without overshooting climate targets, high-emitting countries need to reduce their emissions substantially.Įxtreme inequality is a major challenge of our time. Nevertheless, carbon emissions in low- and lower-middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa can more than double as an effect of poverty alleviation. Reaching targets under United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 1, lifting more than one billion people out of poverty, leads to only small relative increases in global carbon emissions of 1.6–2.1% or less. We show that they can reach several hundred tons of CO 2 per year, while the majority of people living below poverty lines have yearly carbon footprints of less than 1 tCO 2. On the basis of global expenditure data, we compute country- and expenditure-specific per capita carbon footprints with unprecedented details. Due to persistent inequality, millions of people still live in poverty today. This has direct consequences on consumption patterns and consumption-based carbon footprints, resulting in carbon inequality. ![]() Wealth and income are disproportionately distributed among the global population. ![]()
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